Many experts maintain that GERD is caused by dysfunction of the gastroesophageal barrier and that gastric acid secretion is not the primary underlying defect. 2 A few studies have, however, raised ...

A peptic ulcer is histologically defined as a mucosal defect that extends to or beyond the muscularis mucosa, with mucosal damage due to pepsin and gastric acid secretion. Most ulcers occur in the ...

Nocturnal acid breakthrough is defined as the presence of intragastric pH < 4 during the overnight period for at least 60 continuous minutes in patients taking a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI).