The inclusion criteria were: (i) age > 18 years; (ii) absence of pregnancy; (iii) absence of chronic renal ... acute pancreatitis in patients undergoing early ERCP in the acute phase; and (vi ...

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), bile analysis (for the detection of microlithiasis), serologic testing (for the identification of autoimmune pancreatitis), and genetic ...