Because of the paucity of red blood cell precursors capable of synthesizing hemoglobin in the blood ... in thalassemia is unbalanced globin-chain synthesis, with excess α-chains produced in ...

Iron deficiency anemia, the most common type, occurs when the body lacks sufficient iron to produce hemoglobin adequately. This insufficiency hampers hemoglobin synthesis, exacerbating the condition ...

which result from defective synthesis of one or more hemoglobin chains, have been identified. Notably, sickle cell anemia was the first genetic disease to be examined at the molecular level.