The central venous pressure (CVP) is frequently used ... Furthermore, as right ventricular stroke volume determines left ventricular filling, the CVP is assumed to be an indirect measure of ...

In addition, echocardiographic variables, such left atrial enlargement, left ventricular wall thickness ... "If the heart isn't relaxing, the filling pressure increases, which means the atrial ...

Apparently healthy obese individuals can, however, exhibit subclinical left ventricular dysfunction ... pump efficiently (systolic dysfunction) or fill adequately (diastolic dysfunction).