The Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale ranges from -5 (unresponsive ... The Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Hospitals suggests that pain scoring be considered the fifth vital sign.

Objective: To develop and test the reliability and validity of the State Behavioral Scale for use in describing sedation/agitation levels in young intubated patients supported on mechanical ...

Nursing considerations in emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia Tania Strout and Dawn Kendrick Part II. Analgesia for the Emergency Patient: 8. Pharmacology of commonly utilized ...