is a way of looking at how society was organised in medieval times. The phrase ‘feudal system’ wasn’t used at the time, but it started to be used by historians from the 18th century onwards ...

What responsibilities came with the position and how did they change over time? With this groundbreaking study, Jonathan R. Lyon challenges the standard narrative of a “medieval” Europe of feudalism ...

based on the development of European medieval castles over 400 years of history. We trace the origins of the castle in the feudal system that emerged in France c.900 CE, and look at the early ...