The electronic transistor and the logic gates based on it have qualitative features that are crucial for systems of any complexity, but very few optical transistors or logic devices possess them 3.

The first announcement of the invention of the transistor met with almost no fanfare. The integrated circuit was originally thought to be useful only in military applications. The microprocessor's ...

In the beginning, there was the point-contact transistor. This was the very first transistor ever made, built by Walter Brattain with the help of John Bardeen. It was made of two gold foil ...