A peel-away needle is used to puncture the peritoneum. The distal shunt, which has been subcutaneously tunneled from the head toward the abdomen, is inserted through the needle and placed into the ...

Once the decision to place a VP shunt has been made, valve selection is of vital importance. There are many valve designs available today. As of 1999 there were at least 127 commercially available ...

Currently there is no widely accepted approach to predicting positive outcome following VP shunt placement in individuals with INPH. Shunting can result in dramatic symptom improvement in many ...